From 988eb58264d081282d23ad886870f36ae104f8d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: ntrifunovic Date: Fri, 11 Aug 2006 21:42:05 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Added performance testing git-svn-id: http://svn.code.sf.net/p/utfcpp/code@39 a809a056-fc17-0410-9590-b4f493f8b08e --- test_data/utf8samples/big.txt | 420160 ++++++++++++++++++++++ test_drivers/performance/Makefile | 5 + test_drivers/performance/iconvtest.cpp | 83 + test_drivers/performance/timer.h | 17 + 4 files changed, 420265 insertions(+) create mode 100644 test_data/utf8samples/big.txt create mode 100644 test_drivers/performance/Makefile create mode 100644 test_drivers/performance/iconvtest.cpp create mode 100644 test_drivers/performance/timer.h diff --git a/test_data/utf8samples/big.txt b/test_data/utf8samples/big.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1038482 --- /dev/null +++ b/test_data/utf8samples/big.txt @@ -0,0 +1,420160 @@ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ +Sentences that contain all letters commonly used in a language +-------------------------------------------------------------- + +Markus Kuhn -- 2001-09-02 + +This file is UTF-8 encoded. + + +Danish (da) +--------- + + Quizdeltagerne spiste jordbær med fløde, mens cirkusklovnen + Wolther spillede på xylofon. + (= Quiz contestants were eating strawbery with cream while Wolther + the circus clown played on xylophone.) + +German (de) +----------- + + Falsches Üben von Xylophonmusik quält jeden größeren Zwerg + (= Wrongful practicing of xylophone music tortures every larger dwarf) + + Zwölf Boxkämpfer jagten Eva quer über den Sylter Deich + (= Twelve boxing fighters hunted Eva across the dike of Sylt) + + Heizölrückstoßabdämpfung + (= fuel oil recoil absorber) + (jqvwxy missing, but all non-ASCII letters in one word) + +English (en) +------------ + + The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog + +Spanish (es) +------------ + + El pingüino Wenceslao hizo kilómetros bajo exhaustiva lluvia y + frío, añoraba a su querido cachorro. + (Contains every letter and every accent, but not every combination + of vowel + acute.) + +French (fr) +----------- + + Portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume sur son île intérieure, à + côté de l'alcôve ovoïde, où les bûches se consument dans l'âtre, ce + qui lui permet de penser à la cænogenèse de l'être dont il est question + dans la cause ambiguë entendue à Moÿ, dans un capharnaüm qui, + pense-t-il, diminue çà et là la qualité de son œuvre. + + l'île exiguë + Où l'obèse jury mûr + Fête l'haï volapük, + Âne ex aéquo au whist, + Ôtez ce vœu déçu. + + Le cœur déçu mais l'âme plutôt naïve, Louÿs rêva de crapaüter en + canoë au delà des îles, près du mälström où brûlent les novæ. + +Irish Gaelic (ga) +----------------- + + D'fhuascail Íosa, Úrmhac na hÓighe Beannaithe, pór Éava agus Ádhaimh + +Hungarian (hu) +-------------- + + Árvíztűrő tükörfúrógép + (= flood-proof mirror-drilling machine, only all non-ASCII letters) + +Icelandic (is) +-------------- + + Kæmi ný öxi hér ykist þjófum nú bæði víl og ádrepa + + Sævör grét áðan því úlpan var ónýt + (some ASCII letters missing) + +Japanese (jp) +------------- + + Hiragana: (Iroha) + + いろはにほへとちりぬるを + わかよたれそつねならむ + うゐのおくやまけふこえて + あさきゆめみしゑひもせす + + Katakana: + + イロハニホヘト チリヌルヲ ワカヨタレソ ツネナラム + ウヰノオクヤマ ケフコエテ アサキユメミシ ヱヒモセスン + +Hebrew (iw) +----------- + + ? דג סקרן שט בים מאוכזב ולפתע מצא לו חברה איך הקליטה + +Polish (pl) +----------- + + Pchnąć w tę łódź jeża lub ośm skrzyń fig + (= To push a hedgehog or eight bins of figs in this boat) + +Russian (ru) +------------ + + В чащах юга жил бы цитрус? Да, но фальшивый экземпляр! + (= Would a citrus live in the bushes of south? Yes, but only a fake one!) + +Thai (th) +--------- + + [--------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ เป็นมนุษย์สุดประเสริฐเลิศคุณค่า กว่าบรรดาฝูงสัตว์เดรัจฉาน + จงฝ่าฟันพัฒนาวิชาการ อย่าล้างผลาญฤๅเข่นฆ่าบีฑาใคร + ไม่ถือโทษโกรธแช่งซัดฮึดฮัดด่า หัดอภัยเหมือนกีฬาอัชฌาสัย + ปฏิบัติประพฤติกฎกำหนดใจ พูดจาให้จ๊ะๆ จ๋าๆ น่าฟังเอย ฯ + + [The copyright for the Thai example is owned by The Computer + Association of Thailand under the Royal Patronage of His Majesty the + King.] + +Please let me know if you find others! Special thanks to the people +from all over the world who contributed these sentences. +? *Unicode Transcriptions* Notes <#Notes> + +Glyphs | Samples + | Charts + | UTF + | Forms + | +Home . + + +Name Text Image +Arabic (Arabic) يونِكود ? +Arabic (Persian) یونی‌کُد / ?/ +Armenian Յունիկօդ +Bengali য়ূনিকোড +Bopomofo ㄊㄨㄥ˅ ㄧˋ ㄇㄚ˅ +ㄨㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚ˅ +Braille +Buhid +Canadian Aboriginal ᔫᗂᑰᑦ +Cherokee ᏳᏂᎪᏛ +Cypriot +Cyrillic (Russian) Юникод ? +Deseret (English) ??????? +Devanagari (Hindi) यूनिकोड ? +Ethiopic ዩኒኮድ +Georgian უნიკოდი ? +Gothic +Greek Γιούνικοντ +Gujarati યૂનિકોડ +Gurmukhi ਯੂਨਿਕੋਡ +Han (Chinese) 统一码 ? +統一碼 ? +万国码 ? +萬國碼 ? +Hangul 유니코드 +Hanunoo +Hebrew יוניקוד +Hebrew (pointed) יוּנִיקוׁד +Hebrew (Yiddish) יוניקאָד ? +Hiragana (Japanese) ゆにこおど +Katakana (Japanese) ユニコード ? +Kannada ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ +Khmer យូនីគោដ +Lao +Latin Unicode Unicode +Latin (IPA <#English_Pronunciation>) ˈjunɪˌkoːd ? +Latin (Am. Dict. <#American_Dictionary>) Ūnĭcōde̽ ? +Limbu +Linear B +Malayalam യൂനികോഡ് +Mongolian +Myanmar +Ogham ᚔᚒᚅᚔᚉᚑᚇ / / +Old Italic +Oriya ୟୂନିକୋଡ +Osmanya +Runic (Anglo-Saxon) ᛡᚢᚾᛁᚳᚩᛞ +Shavian +Sinhala යණනිකෞද් +Syriac ܝܘܢܝܩܘܕ +Tagbanwa +Tagalog +Tai Le +Tamil யூனிகோட் +Telugu యూనికోడ్ +Thaana +Thai ยูนืโคด +Tibetan (Dzongkha) ཨུ་ནི་ཀོཌྲ། +Ugaritic +Yi + + + Notes: + +There are different ways to transcribe the word “Unicode”, depending on +the language and script. In some cases there is only one language that +customarily uses a given script; in others there are many languages. The +goal here is at a minimum to collect at least one transcription for each +script in a language customarily written in that script, with more +languages if possible. If the transcription is the same for multiple +languages in a script, then a single representative language is used. + +Still missing are transcriptions for the items above in RED (in at least +one language). I would appreciate any other transcriptions, or +corrections for the ones listed here. Send to mark3@macchiato.com +, using the directions below: + + * *Supplying Missing Items* + o Most Latin-script languages will follow the spelling, and + change the pronunciation. For any that would not, it would + be good to have the alternate spelling. + o For non-Latin scripts the goal is to match the English + pronunciation — /*not*/ spelling. Above is the IPA <#IPA> + (in phonemic transcription) that should be matched as + closely as possible (without sounding affected in the target + language) + o Text would be best in either the UTF-8 text, or the code + points in hex HTML. E.g. either of the following: + + "Юникод" + + "Юникод" + + Note: for / supplementary characters/ + , + there should be one hex number per code point, not two + surrogates + : + # 𐀀 /*not*/ �&xDC00; + o If you have a good font, I'd also appreciate a GIF. It + should be *96 x 24* bits, with the text centered, in black + on white (plus grays if smoothed). + * *Other Comments* + o Because some browsers won't handle the text, both text and + GIF image are supplied. If you can’t read the text columns, + see Display Problems + . + o The Chinese versions (inc. Bopomofo) are translations, not + transcriptions, since "transcription in Chinese is pretty + lame" [J. Becker]. + o There are other "translations" of Unicode that may be in + use, such as the Vietnamese "Thống Nhất Mã". + o For sample pages in different languages on the Unicode site, + see What is Unicode? + + o Americans are not generally used to IPA, and find a variety + of different systems in their dictionaries. This one leaves + the base letters as they are, and uses diacritics for + pronunciation. + * *Etymology of /Unicode/* + o Coined by J. Becker. Not related to previous usages, such as: + + A telegraphic code in which one word or set of letters + represents a sentence or phrase; a telegram or message + in this. (late 19th century, OED) + o According to my references, the prefix "uni" is directly + from Latin while the word "code" is through French. + o The original Indo-European apparently would have been + *oino-kau-do ("one strike give"): *kau apparently being + related to such English words as: hew, haggle, hoe, hag, + hay, hack, caudad, caudal, caudate, caudex, coda, codex, + codicil, coward, incus, and Kovač (personal name: "smith"). + + I will leave the exact derivations to the exegetes, + but I like the association with "haggle" myself. + * *Contributions* + o This draws on contributions or comments from: + + Dixon Au + + Joe Becker + + Maurice Bauhahn + + Abel Cheung + + Peter Constable + + Michael Everson + + Christopher John Fynn + + Michael Kaplan + + George Kiraz + + Abdul Malik + + Siva Nataraja + + Roozbeh Pournader + + Jonathan Rosenne + + Jungshik Shin + +------------------------------------------------------------------------ + + +Terms of Use . Last updated: +MED - 04/20/2003 15:30:33. + + + + + +UTF-8 encoded sample plain-text file +‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾ + +Markus Kuhn [ˈmaʳkʊs kuːn] — 2002-07-25 + + +The ASCII compatible UTF-8 encoding used in this plain-text file +is defined in Unicode, ISO 10646-1, and RFC 2279. + + +Using Unicode/UTF-8, you can write in emails and source code things such as + +Mathematics and sciences: + + ∮ E⋅da = Q, n → ∞, ∑ f(i) = ∏ g(i), ⎧⎡⎛┌─────┐⎞⎤⎫ + ⎪⎢⎜│a²+b³ ⎟⎥⎪ + ∀x∈ℝ: ⌈x⌉ = −⌊−x⌋, α ∧ ¬β = ¬(¬α ∨ β), ⎪⎢⎜│───── ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜⎷ c₈ ⎟⎥⎪ + ℕ ⊆ ℕ₀ ⊂ ℤ ⊂ ℚ ⊂ ℝ ⊂ ℂ, ⎨⎢⎜ ⎟⎥⎬ + ⎪⎢⎜ ∞ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⊥ < a ≠ b ≡ c ≤ d ≪ ⊤ ⇒ (⟦A⟧ ⇔ ⟪B⟫), ⎪⎢⎜ ⎲ ⎟⎥⎪ + ⎪⎢⎜ ⎳aⁱ-bⁱ⎟⎥⎪ + 2H₂ + O₂ ⇌ 2H₂O, R = 4.7 kΩ, ⌀ 200 mm ⎩⎣⎝i=1 ⎠⎦⎭ + +Linguistics and dictionaries: + + ði ıntəˈnæʃənəl fəˈnɛtık əsoʊsiˈeıʃn + Y [ˈʏpsilɔn], Yen [jɛn], Yoga [ˈjoːgɑ] + +APL: + + ((V⍳V)=⍳⍴V)/V←,V ⌷←⍳→⍴∆∇⊃‾⍎⍕⌈ + +Nicer typography in plain text files: + + ╔══════════════════════════════════════════╗ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‘single’ and “double” quotes ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Curly apostrophes: “We’ve been here” ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • Latin-1 apostrophe and accents: '´` ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ‚deutsche‘ „Anführungszeichen“ ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • †, ‡, ‰, •, 3–4, —, −5/+5, ™, … ║ + ║ ║ + ║ • ASCII safety test: 1lI|, 0OD, 8B ║ + ║ ╭─────────╮ ║ + ║ • the euro symbol: │ 14.95 € │ ║ + ║ ╰─────────╯ ║ + ╚══════════════════════════════════════════╝ + +Combining characters: + + STARGΛ̊TE SG-1, a = v̇ = r̈, a⃑ ⊥ b⃑ + +Greek (in Polytonic): + + The Greek anthem: + + Σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν κόψη + τοῦ σπαθιοῦ τὴν τρομερή, + σὲ γνωρίζω ἀπὸ τὴν ὄψη + ποὺ μὲ βία μετράει τὴ γῆ. + + ᾿Απ᾿ τὰ κόκκαλα βγαλμένη + τῶν ῾Ελλήνων τὰ ἱερά + καὶ σὰν πρῶτα ἀνδρειωμένη + χαῖρε, ὦ χαῖρε, ᾿Ελευθεριά! + + From a speech of Demosthenes in the 4th century BC: + + Οὐχὶ ταὐτὰ παρίσταταί μοι γιγνώσκειν, ὦ ἄνδρες ᾿Αθηναῖοι, + ὅταν τ᾿ εἰς τὰ πράγματα ἀποβλέψω καὶ ὅταν πρὸς τοὺς + λόγους οὓς ἀκούω· τοὺς μὲν γὰρ λόγους περὶ τοῦ + τιμωρήσασθαι Φίλιππον ὁρῶ γιγνομένους, τὰ δὲ πράγματ᾿ + εἰς τοῦτο προήκοντα, ὥσθ᾿ ὅπως μὴ πεισόμεθ᾿ αὐτοὶ + πρότερον κακῶς σκέψασθαι δέον. οὐδέν οὖν ἄλλο μοι δοκοῦσιν + οἱ τὰ τοιαῦτα λέγοντες ἢ τὴν ὑπόθεσιν, περὶ ἧς βουλεύεσθαι, + οὐχὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν ἁμαρτάνειν. ἐγὼ δέ, ὅτι μέν + ποτ᾿ ἐξῆν τῇ πόλει καὶ τὰ αὑτῆς ἔχειν ἀσφαλῶς καὶ Φίλιππον + τιμωρήσασθαι, καὶ μάλ᾿ ἀκριβῶς οἶδα· ἐπ᾿ ἐμοῦ γάρ, οὐ πάλαι + γέγονεν ταῦτ᾿ ἀμφότερα· νῦν μέντοι πέπεισμαι τοῦθ᾿ ἱκανὸν + προλαβεῖν ἡμῖν εἶναι τὴν πρώτην, ὅπως τοὺς συμμάχους + σώσομεν. ἐὰν γὰρ τοῦτο βεβαίως ὑπάρξῃ, τότε καὶ περὶ τοῦ + τίνα τιμωρήσεταί τις καὶ ὃν τρόπον ἐξέσται σκοπεῖν· πρὶν δὲ + τὴν ἀρχὴν ὀρθῶς ὑποθέσθαι, μάταιον ἡγοῦμαι περὶ τῆς + τελευτῆς ὁντινοῦν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον. + + Δημοσθένους, Γ´ ᾿Ολυνθιακὸς + +Georgian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + გთხოვთ ახლავე გაიაროთ რეგისტრაცია Unicode-ის მეათე საერთაშორისო + კონფერენციაზე დასასწრებად, რომელიც გაიმართება 10-12 მარტს, + ქ. მაინცში, გერმანიაში. კონფერენცია შეჰკრებს ერთად მსოფლიოს + ექსპერტებს ისეთ დარგებში როგორიცაა ინტერნეტი და Unicode-ი, + ინტერნაციონალიზაცია და ლოკალიზაცია, Unicode-ის გამოყენება + ოპერაციულ სისტემებსა, და გამოყენებით პროგრამებში, შრიფტებში, + ტექსტების დამუშავებასა და მრავალენოვან კომპიუტერულ სისტემებში. + +Russian: + + From a Unicode conference invitation: + + Зарегистрируйтесь сейчас на Десятую Международную Конференцию по + Unicode, которая состоится 10-12 марта 1997 года в Майнце в Германии. + Конференция соберет широкий круг экспертов по вопросам глобального + Интернета и Unicode, локализации и интернационализации, воплощению и + применению Unicode в различных операционных системах и программных + приложениях, шрифтах, верстке и многоязычных компьютерных системах. + +Thai (UCS Level 2): + + Excerpt from a poetry on The Romance of The Three Kingdoms (a Chinese + classic 'San Gua'): + + [----------------------------|------------------------] + ๏ แผ่นดินฮั่นเสื่อมโทรมแสนสังเวช พระปกเกศกองบู๊กู้ขึ้นใหม่ + สิบสองกษัตริย์ก่อนหน้าแลถัดไป สององค์ไซร้โง่เขลาเบาปัญญา + ทรงนับถือขันทีเป็นที่พึ่ง บ้านเมืองจึงวิปริตเป็นนักหนา + โฮจิ๋นเรียกทัพทั่วหัวเมืองมา หมายจะฆ่ามดชั่วตัวสำคัญ + เหมือนขับไสไล่เสือจากเคหา รับหมาป่าเข้ามาเลยอาสัญ + ฝ่ายอ้องอุ้นยุแยกให้แตกกัน ใช้สาวนั้นเป็นชนวนชื่นชวนใจ + พลันลิฉุยกุยกีกลับก่อเหตุ ช่างอาเพศจริงหนาฟ้าร้องไห้ + ต้องรบราฆ่าฟันจนบรรลัย ฤๅหาใครค้ำชูกู้บรรลังก์ ฯ + + (The above is a two-column text. If combining characters are handled + correctly, the lines of the second column should be aligned with the + | character above.) + +Ethiopian: + + Proverbs in the Amharic language: + + ሰማይ አይታረስ ንጉሥ አይከሰስ። + ብላ ካለኝ እንደአባቴ በቆመጠኝ። + ጌጥ ያለቤቱ ቁምጥና ነው። + ደሀ በሕልሙ ቅቤ ባይጠጣ ንጣት በገደለው። + የአፍ ወለምታ በቅቤ አይታሽም። + አይጥ በበላ ዳዋ ተመታ። + ሲተረጉሙ ይደረግሙ። + ቀስ በቀስ፥ ዕንቁላል በእግሩ ይሄዳል። + ድር ቢያብር አንበሳ ያስር። + ሰው እንደቤቱ እንጅ እንደ ጉረቤቱ አይተዳደርም። + እግዜር የከፈተውን ጉሮሮ ሳይዘጋው አይድርም። + የጎረቤት ሌባ፥ ቢያዩት ይስቅ ባያዩት ያጠልቅ። + ሥራ ከመፍታት ልጄን ላፋታት። + ዓባይ ማደሪያ የለው፥ ግንድ ይዞ ይዞራል። + የእስላም አገሩ መካ የአሞራ አገሩ ዋርካ። + ተንጋሎ ቢተፉ ተመልሶ ባፉ። + ወዳጅህ ማር ቢሆን ጨርስህ አትላሰው። + እግርህን በፍራሽህ ልክ ዘርጋ። + +Runes: + + ᚻᛖ ᚳᚹᚫᚦ ᚦᚫᛏ ᚻᛖ ᛒᚢᛞᛖ ᚩᚾ ᚦᚫᛗ ᛚᚪᚾᛞᛖ ᚾᚩᚱᚦᚹᛖᚪᚱᛞᚢᛗ ᚹᛁᚦ ᚦᚪ ᚹᛖᛥᚫ + + (Old English, which transcribed into Latin reads 'He cwaeth that he + bude thaem lande northweardum with tha Westsae.' and means 'He said + that he lived in the northern land near the Western Sea.') + +Braille: + + ⡌⠁⠧⠑ ⠼⠁⠒ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹⠰⠎ ⡣⠕⠌ + + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠒ ⠞⠕ ⠃⠑⠛⠔ ⠺⠊⠹⠲ ⡹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠝⠕ ⠙⠳⠃⠞ + ⠱⠁⠞⠑⠧⠻ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠹⠁⠞⠲ ⡹⠑ ⠗⠑⠛⠊⠌⠻ ⠕⠋ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠃⠥⠗⠊⠁⠇ ⠺⠁⠎ + ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠃⠹ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠛⠹⠍⠁⠝⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠊⠇⠻⠅⠂ ⠹⠑ ⠥⠝⠙⠻⠞⠁⠅⠻⠂ + ⠁⠝⠙ ⠹⠑ ⠡⠊⠑⠋ ⠍⠳⠗⠝⠻⠲ ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑ ⠎⠊⠛⠝⠫ ⠊⠞⠲ ⡁⠝⠙ + ⡎⠊⠗⠕⠕⠛⠑⠰⠎ ⠝⠁⠍⠑ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏⠕⠝ ⠰⡡⠁⠝⠛⠑⠂ ⠋⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠹⠹⠔⠛ ⠙⠑ + ⠡⠕⠎⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠏⠥⠞ ⠙⠊⠎ ⠙⠁⠝⠙ ⠞⠕⠲ + + ⡕⠇⠙ ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + ⡍⠔⠙⠖ ⡊ ⠙⠕⠝⠰⠞ ⠍⠑⠁⠝ ⠞⠕ ⠎⠁⠹ ⠹⠁⠞ ⡊ ⠅⠝⠪⠂ ⠕⠋ ⠍⠹ + ⠪⠝ ⠅⠝⠪⠇⠫⠛⠑⠂ ⠱⠁⠞ ⠹⠻⠑ ⠊⠎ ⠏⠜⠞⠊⠊⠥⠇⠜⠇⠹ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ + ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ ⡊ ⠍⠊⠣⠞ ⠙⠁⠧⠑ ⠃⠑⠲ ⠔⠊⠇⠔⠫⠂ ⠍⠹⠎⠑⠇⠋⠂ ⠞⠕ + ⠗⠑⠛⠜⠙ ⠁ ⠊⠕⠋⠋⠔⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇ ⠁⠎ ⠹⠑ ⠙⠑⠁⠙⠑⠌ ⠏⠊⠑⠊⠑ ⠕⠋ ⠊⠗⠕⠝⠍⠕⠝⠛⠻⠹ + ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠞⠗⠁⠙⠑⠲ ⡃⠥⠞ ⠹⠑ ⠺⠊⠎⠙⠕⠍ ⠕⠋ ⠳⠗ ⠁⠝⠊⠑⠌⠕⠗⠎ + ⠊⠎ ⠔ ⠹⠑ ⠎⠊⠍⠊⠇⠑⠆ ⠁⠝⠙ ⠍⠹ ⠥⠝⠙⠁⠇⠇⠪⠫ ⠙⠁⠝⠙⠎ + ⠩⠁⠇⠇ ⠝⠕⠞ ⠙⠊⠌⠥⠗⠃ ⠊⠞⠂ ⠕⠗ ⠹⠑ ⡊⠳⠝⠞⠗⠹⠰⠎ ⠙⠕⠝⠑ ⠋⠕⠗⠲ ⡹⠳ + ⠺⠊⠇⠇ ⠹⠻⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠏⠻⠍⠊⠞ ⠍⠑ ⠞⠕ ⠗⠑⠏⠑⠁⠞⠂ ⠑⠍⠏⠙⠁⠞⠊⠊⠁⠇⠇⠹⠂ ⠹⠁⠞ + ⡍⠜⠇⠑⠹ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠁⠎ ⠙⠑⠁⠙ ⠁⠎ ⠁ ⠙⠕⠕⠗⠤⠝⠁⠊⠇⠲ + + (The first couple of paragraphs of "A Christmas Carol" by Dickens) + +Compact font selection example text: + + ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ /0123456789 + abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz £©µÀÆÖÞßéöÿ + –—‘“”„†•…‰™œŠŸž€ ΑΒΓΔΩαβγδω АБВГДабвгд + ∀∂∈ℝ∧∪≡∞ ↑↗↨↻⇣ ┐┼╔╘░►☺♀ fi�⑀₂ἠḂӥẄɐː⍎אԱა + +Greetings in various languages: + + Hello world, Καλημέρα κόσμε, コンニチハ + +Box drawing alignment tests: █ + ▉ + ╔══╦══╗ ┌──┬──┐ ╭──┬──╮ ╭──┬──╮ ┏━━┳━━┓ ┎┒┏┑ ╷ ╻ ┏┯┓ ┌┰┐ ▊ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ║┌─╨─┐║ │╔═╧═╗│ │╒═╪═╕│ │╓─╁─╖│ ┃┌─╂─┐┃ ┗╃╄┙ ╶┼╴╺╋╸┠┼┨ ┝╋┥ ▋ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╲ ╱│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╿ │┃ ┍╅╆┓ ╵ ╹ ┗┷┛ └┸┘ ▌ ╱╲╱╲╳╳╳ + ╠╡ ╳ ╞╣ ├╢ ╟┤ ├┼─┼─┼┤ ├╫─╂─╫┤ ┣┿╾┼╼┿┫ ┕┛┖┚ ┌┄┄┐ ╎ ┏┅┅┓ ┋ ▍ ╲╱╲╱╳╳╳ + ║│╱ ╲│║ │║ ║│ ││ │ ││ │║ ┃ ║│ ┃│ ╽ │┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▎ + ║└─╥─┘║ │╚═╤═╝│ │╘═╪═╛│ │╙─╀─╜│ ┃└─╂─┘┃ ░░▒▒▓▓██ ┊ ┆ ╎ ╏ ┇ ┋ ▏ + ╚══╩══╝ └──┴──┘ ╰──┴──╯ ╰──┴──╯ ┗━━┻━━┛ ▗▄▖▛▀▜ └╌╌┘ ╎ ┗╍╍┛ ┋ ▁▂▃▄▅▆▇█ + ▝▀▘▙▄▟ diff --git a/test_drivers/performance/Makefile b/test_drivers/performance/Makefile new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d6d6214 --- /dev/null +++ b/test_drivers/performance/Makefile @@ -0,0 +1,5 @@ +CC = g++ +CFLAGS = -O2 + +iconvtest: iconvtest.cpp ../../source/utf8.h timer.h + $(CC) $(CFLAGS) iconvtest.cpp -oiconvtest diff --git a/test_drivers/performance/iconvtest.cpp b/test_drivers/performance/iconvtest.cpp new file mode 100644 index 0000000..70a9d38 --- /dev/null +++ b/test_drivers/performance/iconvtest.cpp @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +#include +#include "../../source/utf8.h" +#include "timer.h" +#include +#include +using namespace std; + +using namespace utf8; + +int main(int argc, char** argv) +{ + if (argc != 2) { + cout << "\nUsage: iconvtest filename\n"; + return 0; + } + const char* test_file_path = argv[1]; + // Open the test file (UTF-8 encoded text) + ifstream fs8(test_file_path, ios::binary); + if (!fs8.is_open()) { + cout << "Could not open " << test_file_path << endl; + return 0; + } + // get length + fs8.seekg(0, ios::end); + int length = fs8.tellg(); + fs8.seekg(0, ios::beg); + + // allocate the buffer (no vector - we are benchmarking conversions, not STL + char* buf = new char[length]; + fs8.close(); + // the UTF-16 result will not be larger than this (I hope :) ) + unsigned short* utf16buf = new unsigned short[length]; + // fill the data + fs8.read(buf, length); + + { + memset (utf16buf, 0 , length * sizeof(unsigned short)); + // utf-8 cpp: + cout << "utf8::utf8to16: "; + timer t(cout); + utf8::utf8to16(buf, buf + length, utf16buf); + } + + { + memset (utf16buf, 0 , length * sizeof(unsigned short)); + // utf-8 cpp: + cout << "unchecked::utf8to16: "; + timer t(cout); + utf8::unchecked::utf8to16(buf, buf + length, utf16buf); + } + + // the UTF-16 result will not be larger than this (I hope :) ) + unsigned short* utf16iconvbuf = new unsigned short[length]; + { + memset (utf16iconvbuf, 0 , length * sizeof(unsigned short)); + // iconv + cout << "iconv: "; + + iconv_t cd = iconv_open("UTF-16LE", "UTF-8"); + if (cd == iconv_t(-1)) { + cout << "Error openning the iconv stream"; + return 0; + } + char* inbuf = buf; + size_t in_bytes_left = length; + char* outbuf = (char*)utf16iconvbuf; + size_t out_bytes_left = length * sizeof (unsigned char); + { + timer t(cout); + iconv(cd, &inbuf, &in_bytes_left, &outbuf, &out_bytes_left); + } + iconv_close(cd); + } + + // just check the correctness while we are here: + if (!equal(utf16buf, utf16buf + length, utf16iconvbuf)) + cout << "Different result!!!"; + + + + delete [] buf; + delete [] utf16buf; +} diff --git a/test_drivers/performance/timer.h b/test_drivers/performance/timer.h new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1286397 --- /dev/null +++ b/test_drivers/performance/timer.h @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +#include +#include +struct timer { + timer(std::ostream& report) : report(report) + {start = std::clock();} + ~timer() + { + using namespace std; + end = clock(); + unsigned milliseconds = (end - start)*1000 / CLOCKS_PER_SEC; + report << "Spent " << milliseconds << "ms here\n"; + } + + std::clock_t start; + std::clock_t end; + std::ostream& report; +};